Abstract: With the goal of eliminating “illiteracy” and “political illiteracy”, the CommunistParty of China（CPC）published a large number of winter school textbooks for adults inthe base areas and liberated areas. It describes how the winter school textbooks under theleadership of the CPC, through an effective publishing strategy, reduced the resistance of thepeople to “learning to know”and allowed “writing” and “current affairs” to really reach thepeople. By comparing and contrasting the literacy campaigns carried out by other organizationsduring the Republic of China period, we can see how the CCP effectively led the literacycampaigns in rural areas during the wartime period, thus presenting the internal logic of theCPC’s efforts to educate the people and transform the rural society

Key words: Base Areas and Liberated Areas Winter school textbooks Eliminating illiteracyRural transformation