Abstract:

The late Ming bookshops in operas print and issue process, to obtain manuscript sources, seek profits, using a variety of pirated and fake measures. Common way of piracy is carving another edition,not replacement illustrious tag source; the works of others changed names, posing as a new publication; the works of others to himself for publication. Common fake measure is to buying the old operas version,modifing the copyright agency, pretending to be new book;acquisition of operas residual version, shovel, supplement old moment, changing another title to issue; forging famous preface and commentary.